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Major Ports |
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Major Ports fall under the jurisdiction of the Government of India (GoI) and are governed by the Major Port Trusts Act of 1963. Ennore is the only exception, which falls under the administration of the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. With acceleration in the Indian economy and global trade, traffic at Indian Ports have been rising concurrently. India’s Major Ports handle around 67% of the nation’s total cargo.
The cargo traffic of close to 561 mnT at these Major Ports in 2009-10 accounted for around 2/3rd of India’s total port traffic. The chart illustrates the growth in traffic at the Indian Major Ports. In terms of volume alone for 2009-10, Kandla port located in Gujarat handled a maximum of close to 80 mn tones of traffic in the Fy-10, followed by Vishakhapatnam (Vizag) and Chennai. JNPT is the India’s largest container terminal located on the west coast of India attained the maximum year on year growth rate of 14% on a 9 Year CAGR.
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Apart from JNPT, the other ports with similar high growth of double digit during the same period had been Paradip on the East Coast of India and Mormugao on the West Coast of India. Paradip port grew by a 9 Year CAGR of 12% and Mormugao grew by a CAGR growth of 11%. Both the ports have predominantly handled bulk cargo. Rest all of ports grew by single digit.
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Major ports have undertaken an aggressive expansion plans to undertake capacity augmentation in various forms such as dredging, development of new berths on Public Private Partnership, acquisition of new equipments, improvement of connectivity, etc. Most of these new opportunities are quite attractive for bidders as they are mostly brownfield projects. Hence, unlike Greenfield projects these projects do not face some of the usual problems of land acquisition, enviornment clearance, etc.
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Similar to the past trend, Major Port traffic in 2009-10, too, was driven by the chief commodities of POL (Petroleum, Oil and Lubricants), followed by Iron Ore and then the Container trade. The share of POL in 2009-10 was the highest with 31%, followed by Container and Iron Ore share of 18% respectively. In terms of growth in the past 5 years, Fertilizer Raw Material (FRM) and Iron Ore posted a strong growth of about 45% and 27% respectively in 2009-10. |
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However, POL has seen a decline of nearly 23% in its trade during the same duration, whereas Fertilizer & FRM segment has, more or less, managed to retain its trade volume handled at the Indian Major Ports. Container trade, which primarily deals with finished goods, registered a staggering growth of around 63% between 2005-06 and 2009-10. In addition, Container trade has also had the highest 5-year CAGR of 13%, followed by 9.8% CAGR of Fertilizer and FRM. The overall 5-year CAGR of the Indian Major Port traffic has been 7.2%. |
| Details of Major Ports of India |
By the end of previous fiscal 2009-10, Indian major ports had handled 560.7 million tons of cargo vis-à-vis 530.5 million tons in 2008-09. Container traffic rose by 4.3% to 6.87 million 20-foot equivalent units (TEUs) from 6.59 million TEUs.
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Following are the 13 major ports of India that are spread along east and west coastline: |
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Located in West Bengal, Port of Kolkata is the oldest operating port in India, with its inception being at the hands of East Indian Company. It was the premiere port in 19th century in British India. The port has two distinct dock systems: Kolkata Docks at Kolkata and a deepwater dock at Haldia Dock Complex, Haldia. The total traffic the port handled during FY 2009-10 was 46.30 million tonnes; 13.05 million tonnes at Kolkata Docks and 33.25 million tonnes at Haldia Dock. It aims to achieve an overall traffic of 48.6 million tonnes in FY 2010-11.
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2. Paradip Port |
Paradip is a town, a seaport and a notified area committee in Jagatsinghpur district in the Indian state of Orissa. It’s the primary seaport in the state. Located at the Bay of Bengal, it’s an artificial harbor that accommodates sea traffic through its man-made lagoons. Traffic for FY 2009-10 was 57.01million tonnes, and hopes to take that figure to 63 million tonnes in FY 2010-11. |
3. Vishakhapatnam Port |
Vishakhapatnam (AKA Vizag) is a coastal “port city”, situated in the state of Andhra Pradesh, and housed among the Eastern Ghats hills, overlooking Bay of Bengal to the east. An administrative headquarter of Vishakhapatnam district, it’s also home to the Eastern Naval Command of the Indian Navy. Its traffic for FY 2009-10 was 65.50 million tonnes, and hopes to cross 70 million tonnes in FY 2010-11. |
4. Ennore Port |
Located north of Chennair Port, it’s the 12th major port in India. Designed as Asia’s energy port with only 86 employees, it’s the first corporatized port in India. It was drafted as a satellite port to help decongest and improve the environment quality at the bustling Chennai Port, but is evolving into a full-fledged port. It has effectively taken all the ore movement of Chennai Port. By 2016, it’s expected to handle over 80 million tonnes of cargo and 43 million tonnes of coal. In FY 2009-10, it handled 10.70 million tonnes traffic, and its target for FY 2010-11 is 13.20 million tonnes. |
5. Chennai Port |
Located in Tamil Nadu, it’s the second largest port in India and over 125 years old. Erstwhile a major traffic port, it’s now a major container port. It has a big hand in the state’s economic growth. It has 24 alongside berths in three docks viz. It handles a variety of cargo, including iron ore, coal, granite, containers, automobiles, etc. Due to increase in container traffic, it’ll be building a deepwater terminal; first of its kind in India. It handled 61.06 million tonnes in FY 2009-10, and is targeting 65.51 million tonnes for FY 2010-11. |
6. Tuticorin Port |
Declared as a major port in July 1974, it’s the 2nd largest port in Tamil Nadu, and 3rd largest container terminal in India. It is an artificial deep-sea harbor. The port was designed and materialized through local efforts. The port handles both container and cruise ships. Currently, it handles 7% of India’s total container traffic. It’s the only port in South India to provide a direct weekly container service to USA. It saw traffic of 23.79 million tonnes in FY 2009-10, and is eyeing a figure of 25.13 million tonnes in FY 2010-11. |
7. Cochin Port |
Cochin Port Trust is a body of Indian Government that manages the Port of Cochin. It operates from the Willingdon Islandand is currently building India’s first International Container Transshipment Terminal on Build-Operate-Transfer basis with Dubai Ports World, in the island of Vallarpadam, north of Willingdon Island. The traffic at this port for FY 2009-10 was 17.43 million tonnes, with hopes of reaching 19.10million tonnes in FY 2010-11. |
8. New Mangalore Port |
Located in the state of Karnataka, it operates the deepwater, all-weather port at Panambur. It is the only major port in Karnataka and is currently the 9th largest Indian port. The port in Panambur is known as the New Mangalore Port, as there is an old harbor/port located in Mangalore known as Mangalore bunder or Hale bunder. This port is used for fishing and ferrying of small goods. It saw a traffic of 35.53 million tonnes in FY 2009-10, and is expecting about 19.10 million tonnes in FY 2010-11. |
9. Mormugao Port |
Located in South Goa district, it’s Goa’s main port. Commenced in 1963, it’s the leading iron-ore exporting port in India, with an annual throughput of around 27.33 million tonnes of iron-ore traffic. Against the target traffic of 48 million tonnes, the port handled 48.85 million tonnes in FY 2009-10. |
10. Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) |
JNP is a port in Maharashtra, run by the JNPT, an organization entrusted with the operations of large shipping port in Navi Mumbai, and is controlled by the central government. It was created to augment the shipping capacity in Mumbai and provide an alternative to merchants wanting to save octroi. The port handles 35% of India’s container traffic. It managed traffic of 60.75 million tonnes in FY 2009-10, and its immediate target for FY 2010-11 is 62 million tonnes. |
11. Mumbai Port Trust (MbPT) |
Mumbai Harbor Port is the home to the MbPT, and has a natural deepwater harbor of 400 sq.km. Ever since its inception in 1873, it has been the gateway to India, and contributed in making Mumbai the commercial capital of India. It has three wet docks and provides 63 anchorage points. It saw traffic of 54.54 million tonnes in FY 2009-10 year and is targeting 58 million tonnes in FY 2010-11. |
12. Kandla Port |
It’s a seaport in the Kutch district of Gujarat, India. Constructed in 1950s, it’s the chief seaport catering to the western India, ever since the port of Karachi was left in Pakistan after the partition. In FY 2009-10, it handled 79.52 million tonnes against the target of 78 million tonnes. In FY 2010-11, it expects to cross 85 million tonnes. |
13. Port Blair |
As of June 1, 2010, it was declared as a major port, falling under the wings of Indian Ports Act. It became the 13th major port of the country. The declaration opens up investment opportunities for the port. It’s targeting 2.50 million tonnes for its first year of operation. |
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