Major Ports fall under the jurisdiction of the Government of India (GoI) and are governed by the Major Port Trusts Act of 1963. Ennore is the only exception, which falls under the administration of the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. Government of India has plans for corporatization of all Major Ports, similar to Ennore. However, these plans have been difficult to get implemented due to opposition from port workers, unions and other administrative issues. The Government of India initiated creation of port infrastructure by private sector in early 90’s. Since then several private ports and ports developed by state government has come in force. They are now popularly categorised as Non-major ports of India.
Major ports have been losing their cargo to Non-major ports after the inception and infrastructure development of later. This has led to fall of Major ports traffic from more than 95% in early 80’s to less than 60% in fy-14. The major fall has been in the last 10 years, when the major ports traffic has fallen from  74% in Fy-04 to 57% in Fy-14. Following chart shows growth of cargo at major ports of India.

Restricted growth of Major ports has led Government of India to look at alternative ways to improve performance. The government of India has, aggressively, initiated projects through public private partnership and allows private developers to create terminals inside major ports and operate. Some of projects developed under Public Private Partnership scheme have brought large scale growth to major port as well as private concessionaire.
Developing infrastructure at major ports has its own limitations. Densely populated cities have grown around major ports of India. This has led to restriction on infrastructure expansion, especially improving connectivity from port to hinterland. Major port is regulated by TAMP (Tariff Authority for Major Ports). Their core objective is to restrict profit of concessionaire and port in all profitable projects but never care about loss making projects. Despite of these, developing infrastructure at Major ports through PPP (Public Private Partnership) model is very rewarding for private developers. Fundamental reason for this has been low investment and time for creating infrastructure compared to any Greenfield project. Major ports are already operational. Hence, the developer has to just augment infrastructure. Most of existing infrastructure is written off on books. This adds to advantage. Getting approval for expansion at Major ports is a lot easier task than creating Greenfield port project.

Kolkata Port
Located in West Bengal, Port of Kolkata has two distinct dock systems: Kolkata Docks at Kolkata and Haldia Dock Complex, Haldia. The total traffic the port handled during FY 2013-14 was 41.39 million tonnes; 12.87 million  tonnes at Kolkata Docks and 28.51 million tonnes at Haldia Dock. PPP projects under implementation  are as follows

•  •  Barge Handling Jetty on River Hooghly at Haldia Dock Complex with an investment of Rs 98Cr
•  •  Development of Haldia Dock II (North) with an investment of Rs 821.40 Cr

Paradip Port
Paradip is located in the Indian state of Orissa. Located at the Bay of Bengal, it’s an artificial harbor that accommodates sea traffic through its man-made lagoons. Traffic for 2013-14 was 68 million tones. PPP projects under implementation are as follows

•  •  Construction of Deep Draught coal Berth for handling coal on BOT basis with an investment of
      Rs 4790.1Cr
•  •  Development of Clean Multi-cargo Berth in Southern Dock with an investment of Rs 387.31Cr

Vishakhapatnam Port
Vishakhapatnam (AKA Vizag) is in the state of Andhra Pradesh. It is also home to the Eastern Naval Command of the Indian Navy. Its traffic for 2013-14 was 59 million tonnes. PPP projects under implementation are as follows

•  •  Mechanised Iron Ore handling facilities at WQ-1 VPT for handling Dry bulk with an investment of Rs 940Cr
•  •  WQ 7 for handling Import Dry bulk and Development of  WQ 8 for handling break bulk with an investment of Rs     221.14Cr
•  •  Container Terminal expansion (extension of existing  container terminal)  with an investment of
•     Rs 633.11Cr
•  •  Multi Modal Logistic Hub with an investment of Rs 400Cr
•  •  Development of WQ6 berth for multipurpose cargo with an investment of Rs 114Cr
•  •  EQ 1A in inner harbour for handling thermal Coal and Steam Coal on DBFOT basis with an investment of     Rs 313.39Cr
•  •  Development of EQ10 Liquid berth with an investment of Rs 55Cr

Ennore Port
Located north of Chennai Port. it’s the first corporatized port in India. In 2013-14, it handled 27 million tonnes traffic. PPP projects under implementation are as follows

•  •  Upgradation of Coal Terminal by Chettinad International Coal Terminal with an investment of Rs 100Cr
•  •  Construction of coal berth no.3 for TNEB  with an investment of Rs 270Cr
•  •  Development of LNG Terminal by IOCL  with an investment of Rs 4512Cr
•  •  Development of Multi-Cargo Berth  with an investment of Rs 151Cr
•  •  Development of Container Terminal  with an investment of Rs 1270Cr

Chennai Port
Located in Tamil Nadu, it’s the second largest port in India and over 125 years old. Erstwhile a major traffic port, it’s now a major container port. It has a big hand in the state’s economic growth. It has 24 alongside berths in three docks viz. It handles a variety of cargo, including iron ore, coal, granite, containers, automobiles, etc. It handled 51.11 million tonnes in FY 2013-14. PPP projects under implementation are as follows

•  •  Coastal Road Project with an investment of Rs 63Cr

Tuticorin Port
Declared as a major port in July 1974, it’s the 2nd largest port in Tamil Nadu, and 3rd largest container terminal in India. It is an artificial deep-sea harbor. The port was designed and materialized through local efforts. The port handles both container and cruise ships. It’s the only port in South India to provide a direct weekly container service to USA. It saw traffic of 28.64 million tonnes in FY 2013-14. PPP projects under implementation are as follows

•  •  Conversion of berth no- 8 as Container Terminal  with an investment of Rs 312.23Cr
•  •  Development of NCB-IV for handling thermal  coal  & Copper concentrate with an investment of Rs 355Cr
•  •  Development of NCB-III for handling thermal  coal  & rock phosphate with an investment of Rs 420Cr
•  •  Development of facilities for Handling Thermal Coal for SPIC Electric Power with an investment of
      Rs 214.50Cr

Cochin Port
Cochin Port Trust is a body of Indian Government that manages the Port of Cochin. It operates from the Willingdon Island. The traffic at this port for FY 2013-14 was 20.89 million tonne. PPP projects under implementation are as follows

•  •  Development of Ship repair facility with an investment of Rs 785Cr
•  •  Construction of Multi-purpose Liquid Terminal  for IOCL  with an investment of Rs 206.30Cr

New Mangalore Port
Located in the state of Karnataka, it operates the deepwater, all-weather port at Panambur. It is the only major port in Karnataka and is currently the 9th largest Indian port. The port in Panambur is known as the New Mangalore Port, as there is an old harbor/port located in Mangalore known as Mangalore bunder or Hale bunder. This port is used for fishing and ferrying of small goods. It saw a traffic of 39.37 million tonnes in FY 2013-14. PPP projects under implementation are as follows

•  •  Setting up of Mechanized iron ore handling facilities at berth No. 14 on BOT basis with an investment of
      Rs 296.03Cr
•  •  Construction of new multipurpose berth No.18 for handling general cargo and containers  with an     investment of Rs 93.64Cr

Mormugao Port
Located in South Goa district, it’s Goa’s main port. Commenced in 1963, it’s the leading iron-ore exporting port in India, with an annual throughput of around 27.33 million tonnes of iron-ore traffic.The port handled 11.739 million tonnes in FY 2013-14. PPP projects under implementation are as follows

•  •  Leasing of berth No. 4 and 3 acres of land for 20 years on Annual Lease Basis for setting up Facility for     Handling Bulk/Break cargo with an investment of Rs 35Cr

Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT)
JNP is a port in Maharashtra, run by the JNPT, an organization entrusted with the operations of large shipping port in Navi Mumbai, and is controlled by the central government. It was created to augment the shipping capacity in Mumbai and provide an alternative to merchants wanting to save octroi. The port handles 35% of India’s container traffic. It managed traffic of 62.33 million tonnes in FY 2013-14. PPP projects under implementation are as follows

•  •  Development of standalone container handling facility North of NSICT Terminal with an investment of
      Rs 600Cr
•  •  Development of Container Terminals at JNPT (4thContainer terminal) with an investment of Rs 7915Cr
•  •  Special Economic Zone with an investment of Rs 4000Cr
•  •  Development of Additional Liquid Terminal with an investment of Rs 2496Cr

Mumbai Port Trust (MbPT)
Mumbai Harbor Port is the home to the MbPT, and has a natural deepwater harbor of 400 sq.km. Ever since its inception in 1873, it has been the gateway to India, and contributed in making Mumbai the commercial capital of India. It has three wet docks and provides 63 anchorage points. It saw traffic of 59.18 million tonnes in FY 2013-14 year. PPP projects under implementation are as follows

•  •  Construction of 2nd Liquid Chemical berth at Pirpau with an investment of Rs 130Cr
•  •  Construction of two Off Shore Container Berths on BOT basis with an investment of Rs 1460.52Cr

Kandla Port
It’s a seaport in the Kutch district of Gujarat, India. Constructed in 1950s, it’s the chief seaport catering to the western India. In FY 2013-14, it handled 87 million tonnes. PPP projects under implementation are as follows

•  •  Development of Oil Jetty to handle liquid cargo ship bunkering Terminal at Old Kandla with an investment     of Rs 233.25Cr
•  •  Commissioning of 6 Floating cranes on license basis with an investment of Rs 400Cr
•  •  Development of Dry Bulk Terminal at Tuna-Tekra with an investment of Rs 1060Cr
•  •  Construction of 16th Cargo Berths with an investment of Rs 188.87Cr
•  •  Construction of 14th Cargo Berths with an investment of Rs 188.87Cr